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سرمایهگذاریهای مستقیم خارجی
For example, under the gravity model, Ian Babetsk found that, adjusting for relative economic size and distances, a full decade after being free from the soviet Union, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan traded at levels considerably below their potentials com- pared to eU countries. trade also remains below its potential with other regions. elborgh-Woytek found that Central asian countries actual trade with the eU was three times below their potential for trade24. although infrastructure quality in Central asian countries is far behind that of east asia, even more striking is the lack of foreign direct investments (FDI) among the nations of the region.
While the share of intraregional FDI inflows in 2008-2009 for southeast asia and east asia was 6.3% and 42%, respectively, it was only 0.02% in Central asia25. this is an important indication of the impact of a serious lack of regional economic integration.
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